Organizational management metamorphosis under a critical perspective

Abstract

Over the years, different theories have emerged that attempt to explain the best way to manage organizations in order to obtain greater advantages. This article analyzes the evolution of organizational theories over the last seventy years, through a theoretical documentary analysis of international databases. The results are reported in three sections that chronologically order the contributions: the first describes the management practices that maximize benefits with efficiency approaches; the second presents the holistic and dynamic methods that consider external elements of the organizations; the third focuses on the inter-organizational context and recognizes the worker as the basic pillar for organizational development. This is presented in a comparative table with five variables: year of emergence, emphasis, character of management, conception of man and main objective of the theory. After analyzing from a critical perspective, the limitations and scope of the theories described, it is concluded that in order to achieve maximum performance it is necessary to manage organizations with flexibility, considering endogenous and exogenous factors.