Validation of the methodology of dashboards and balanced scorecard in government management oriented to innovation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19897245Keywords:
Balanced Scorecard, Dashboard, management, government, innovation, government management, digital tools ecosystem, methodology, validationAbstract
This article aims to validate the methodology for obtaining Dashboards (DBs) and Balanced Scorecards (BSCs) for innovation-oriented government management. This methodology is based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) management cycle with 3 stages and 11 steps, as well as an ecosystem of digital tools for data and information management. The methodology was validated through its implementation during the period of 2021-2026 by developing 32 DBs and standardizing 726 indicators from various sectors and management areas—including four case studies (health, energy, tourism, and the Government's Economic and Social Program 2026). These indicators, due to their quality, relevance, and alignment with strategic objectives, proved useful and effective in supporting decision-making in Cuban government management.
Downloads
References
Díaz-Canel M, Delgado M. Modelo de gestión de gobierno orientado a la innovación. Revista Cubana de Administración Pública y Empresarial. 2020: 4 (3): 300-321. [Consultado 12 noviembre 2025] Disponible en: https://apye.esceg.cu/index.php/apye/article/view/141.
Díaz-Canel M, Delgado M. Gestión de gobierno: orientado a la innovación: contexto y caracterización del modelo. Universidad y Sociedad. 2021; 13(1): 6-16. [Consultado 12 noviembre 2025] Disponible en: https://rus.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/rus/article/view/1892/1884
Aldama O, Delgado M. Díaz-Canel M. Metodología de los tableros y cuadro de mando integral en la gestión de gobierno orientada a la innovación. Revista Cubana de Administración Pública y Empresarial, 2022; 6(3): e236. [Consultado 12 noviembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7062669
Kaplan RS, Norton DP. The balanced scorecard: measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review, 1992;70(1), 71–79.
Kaplan RS, Norton DP. The strategy-focused organization: How balanced scorecard companies thrive in the new business environment. Harvard Business Press; 2000. [Consultado 11 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://www.zenit.be/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/zenit-literatuur-The-strategy-focused-organization.pdf
Kaplan RS. Conceptual Foundations of the Balanced Scorecard. Working Paper 10-074. 2010; 1-36. [Consultado 11 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/10-074_0bf3c151-f82b-4592-b885-cdde7f5d97a6.pdf.
Kaplan RS, Norton DP. Linking the balanced scorecard to strategy. California Management Review, 1996;39(1): 53–79. [Consultado 14 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2307/41165876
Ha DT, Le T, Fisher G, Nguyen TT. Factors affecting the adoption extent of the balanced scorecard by Vietnamese small- and medium-sized enterprises. Accounting Research Journal, 2022; 35 (4): 543–560. [Consultado 23 noviembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-08-2020-0221
Gandini A, Suhartini D, Susilowati E. Sustainability Balanced Scorecard: Enhancing Financial Performance. Proceedings of 7th International Conference of Economic, Business and Government Challenges. 2024; 7 (1): 201- 210. [Consultado 4 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.33005/icebgc.v7i1.122
Kaplan RS. Strategic performance measurement and management in nonprofit organizations. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 2001; 11(3): 353–370. [Consultado 11 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.11308
Suárez C, Zaragoza P. Port Authority of Cartagena: evidence of a Sustainability Balanced Scorecard. Sustainable Development. 2023; 31(5): 3761–3785. [Consultado 12 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2624
Nyathi MT. Corporate Governance and the performance of South African National Government Departments: A Balanced Scorecard Perspective. Doctor of Business Leadership. Supervisor: Prof Chengedzai Mafini. University of South Africa. [Consultado 11 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://www.proquest.com/openview/ea40aee6d2c4c6558a789e36d0bbf698/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2026366&diss=y
Tighe C, Ngongalah L, Sentís A, Orchard F, Pacurar GA, Hayes D, et al. Building and developing a tool (PANDEM-2 Dashboard) to strengthen pandemic management: Participatory design study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 2025;11: e52119. [Consultado 5 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2196/52119
Konade K, Billava S, Burra PK, Depuru BK. Hospital dashboard analytics: Enhancing healthcare performance with data-driven insights. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2025;10(3): 1–10. [Consultado 5 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar1267
Córdova Y, Martínez J, Córdova E. Propuesta de metodología para el diseño de dashboard. Revista Cubana de Transformación Digital, 2021;3(2): 56–76. [Consultado 11 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://rctd.uic.cu/rctd/article/view/141
Castillo F, Oleas-Orozco JA, Saá-Tapia F, Mena-Navas C. Intelligent dashboard to optimize the tax management in a town municipal government. En C. Stephanidis, M. Antona, S. Ntoa, & G. Salvendy (Eds.), HCI International 2022 – Late Breaking Posters. Springer.; 2022: 265–272. [Consultado 10 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19682-9_34
Chen S, Guo L, Xie Y, Dong D, Saber R, Alluhidan M, et al. Government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: Good practices and lessons for future preparedness. Global Health Research and Policy. 2024; 9, 10. [Consultado 13 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-024-00349-y
Omol EJ. Organizational digital transformation: From evolution to future trends. Digital Transformation and Society, 2024; 3(3): 240–256. [Consultado 13 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/DTS-08-2023-0061
Guan H, Saade R, Liu H, Qu G, Zhao M, Xu Z. Gobernando la sostenibilidad de la IA: riesgos, respuestas actuales y caminos para una mejor gobernanza. Revista Cubana de Administración Pública y Empresarial, 2025; 9: e359. [Consultado 7 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16730439
Sandhu AK. Big data with cloud computing: Discussions and challenges. Big Data Mining and Analytics. 2022; 5(1): 32–40. [Consultado 17 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.26599/BDMA.2021.9020016
Malik PK, Sharma R, Singh R, et al. Industrial Internet of Things and its applications in industry 4.0: State of the art. Computer Communications, 2020; 166: 125–139. [Consultado 14 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2020.11.016
Alathamneh F, Al-Hawary S. Impact of digital transformation on sustainable performance. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 2023; 7(2): 911–920. [Consultado 14 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2022.12.020
Aldoseri A, Al-Khalifa KN, Hamouda AM. Re-thinking data strategy and integration for artificial intelligence: Concepts, opportunities, and challenges. Applied Sciences, 2023; 13(12): 7082. [Consultado 15 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/app13127082
Khosravi M, Zare Z, Mojtabaeian SM, Izadi R. Artificial intelligence and decision-making in healthcare: A thematic analysis of a systematic review of reviews. Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology, 2024; 11: 1–13. [Consultado 11 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/23333928241234863
Chen C, Li N, Zhang Z, Deng F, Lv M, Fan L, Dong W. Construcción y aplicación de un modelo inteligente impulsado por datos de múltiples fuentes para el análisis de la demanda industria-investigación en educación inteligente. Revista Cubana de Administración Pública y Empresarial, 2025; 9: e368. [Consultado 6 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16953649
Chander B, Pal S, De D, Buyya R. Artificial intelligence-based Internet of Things for Industry 5.0. En S. Pal, D. De, & R. Buyya (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence-based Internet of Things Systems. Springer. 2022; 3–21. [Consultado 6 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87059-1_1
Zheng T, Ardolino M, Bacchetti A, Perona M. The applications of Industry 4.0 technologies in manufacturing context: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Production Research, 2020; 59(6): 1923–1954. [Consultado 8 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2020.1824085
Enyoghasi C, Badurdeen F. Industry 4.0 for sustainable manufacturing: Opportunities at the product, process, and system levels. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 2021; 166: 105362. [Consultado 9 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105362
Beltrami M, Orzes G, Sarkis, J, Sartor M. Industry 4.0 and sustainability: Towards conceptualization and theory. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021; 312, 127733. [Consultado 9 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127733
Mata A, El Mokhtari K, McArthur JJ. Guidelines for designing a Facility Management Digital Twin Dashboard. En A. Francis, E. Miresco, & S. Melhado (Eds.), Advances in Information Technology in Civil and Building Engineering. Springer. 2025;511–525. [Consultado 11 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-84208-5_44
Andi FR. Literature study of electronic government implementation in the perspective of Indonesia's electronic government ranking dimensions. Journal Bina Praja, 2021; 13(2): 281–292. [Consultado 10 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.13.2021.281292
ISACA. COBIT 2019 framework: Governance and management objectives. Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA); 2018. [Consultado 10 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://books.google.com.cu/books/about/COBIT_2019_Framework.html?id=n011uQEACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Mahendra C, Rahardjo AW. Comparison of TOGAF and COBIT in Scale Out Implementation. En The 2nd STIKOM Yos Sudarso Biennial Conference on Computer Science, Information Technology, and Humanities; 2019. [Consultado 12 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336681069_Comparison_of_TOGAF_and_COBIT_in_Scale_Out_Implementation
Mulgund P, Pahwa P, Chaudhari G. Strengthening IT governance and controls using COBIT: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management, 2019; 8(4): 66–90. [Consultado 7 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4018/IJRCM.2019100104
Solis J. El modelo COBIT es [Curso Virtual]: 2019. [Consultado 13 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://www.academia.edu/33860187/El_modelo_COBIT_es?email_work_card=title
De Haes S, Van Grembergen W, Joshi A, Huygh T. Enterprise governance of information technology: Achieving alignment and value in digital organizations (3a ed.). Springer; 2020. [Consultado 13 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25918-1_1
Naz MI, Rajper S, Ali A, Khan MF, Asif R, Mehmood MH. Framework of Decision Support System for Effective Resource Management. International Conference on Business Analytics for Technology and Security (ICBATS). 2023; 7-8 march. [Consultado 13 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBATS57792.2023.10111307
Alshaher A. (2021). IT capabilities as a fundamental of electronic government system success in developing countries from users perspectives. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 2021; 15(1): 129–149. [Consultado 15 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-05-2020-0080
Al-Besher A, Kumar K. Use of artificial intelligence to enhance e-government services. Measurement: Sensors, 2022; 24: 100484 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2022.100484
Lebaea R, Roshe Y, Ntontela S, Thango BA. The Role of Data Governance in Ensuring System Success and Long-Term IT Performance: A Systematic Review. Preprints; 2024. [Consultado 7 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.1841.v1
Aldama O, Delgado M, Díaz-Canel M. Rodríguez A. Tableros de Mando en la gestión gubernamental para la toma de decisiones sanitarias basada en datos. INFODIR. 2025; 45, 1-28. [Consultado 7 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://revinfodir.sld.cu/index.php/infodir/article/view/1768/1911.
Montanaro T, Sergi I, Basile M, Matera M, Giangreco E, Alessi M. An Innovative Decision Support System for Smart Cities Government based on Sentiment Analysis and IoT technologies. 7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech). 2022; 5-8 July. [Consultado 21 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.23919/SpliTech55088.2022.9854247
Adiwijaya IR, Indratno SW, Siallagan M, Widodo A, Gandara E. Integration of the Hybrid Decision Support System and Machine Learning Algorithm to Determine Government Assistance Recipients: A Case Study in the Indonesian Funding Program. MENDEL Soft Computing Journal. 2023, 2 (9). [Consultado 18 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.13164/mendel.2023.1.015
Baffo I, Leonardi M, Bossone B, Camarda ME, D'Alberti V, Travaglioni M. A decision support system for measuring and evaluating solutions for sustainable development, Sustainable Futures, 2023; 5 (100109). [Consultado 12 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2023.100109.
Li Z. Intelligent administrative decision support system construction and efficiency evaluation based on big data analysis. IEEE 4th International Conference on Information Technology, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (ICIBA); 2024: 6-8 [Consultado 12 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: December. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIBA62489.2024.10868892
Chen J, Lou Z, Chen G, Zhang C, Li Y. Research on the Application of AI-Based Intelligent Decision Support Systems in E-Government Services. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing (JOEUC), 2025; 37(1): 1-25. [Consultado 6 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4018/JOEUC.392618
Esbieto KAR, Esteban APL, Luciano RG, Carmen JRD, Sonza RL, Aquino JC, Santos RAG. iPlan Gov: A Smart Analytics System for Decision-Support in Local Government Planning and Development. European Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology, 2026; 4(2): 62-72. [Consultado 1 marzo 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.59324/ejaset.2026.4(2).04
Sharma B, Gadenne D. Balanced Scorecard Implementation in a Local Government Authority: Issues and Challenges. The Australian Journal of Public Administration. 2011; 70(2): 167–184. [Consultado 1 febrero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2011.00718.x
Chen N, Yang X, Shadbolt N. The balanced scorecard as a tool evaluating the sustainable performance of Chinese emerging family farms—Evidence from Jilin Province in China. Sustainability, 2020; 12(17): 6793. Issues and Challenges. The Australian Journal of Public Administration. 2011; 70(2): 167–184. [Consultado 12 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176793
Huy PQ, Phuc VK. The impact of public sector scorecard adoption on the effectiveness of accounting information systems towards the sustainable performance in public sector. Cogent Business & Management, 2020; 7(1): 1717718. [Consultado 12 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1717718
Pierce E. A Balanced Scorecard for Maximizing Data Performance.Front. Big Data. 2022; 5:821103. [Consultado 12 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2022.821103
Wolniak R, Grebsk W. The usage of Statistical Balanced Scorecard In Industry 4.0 conditions. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management. 2023; Series No. 189. [Consultado 14 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.189.49
Sayed N, Lento C, Henderson M. Application of the Balanced Scorecard for strategy reformulation: Perspectives from a Canadian municipality. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences. 2021; 1–19. [Consultado 15 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.1644
Corrêa R, Bueno C. Balanced Scorecard: A Literature Review to Trace its Trajectory in the Public Administration Domain. International Journal of Public Administration. 2025; 48 (8), 502-518. [Consultado 1 febrero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2024.2376053
Garefalakis S, Angelaki E, Spinthiropoulos K, Tsamis G, Garefalakis A. The Implementation of ESG Indicators in the Balanced Scorecard—Case Study of LGOs. Risks. 2025; 13: 154. [Consultado 1 febrero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/risks13080154
Hamied MSA, Elbagoury A. Balanced scorecards: proposed framework for application at the local system level insights from international experiences. Review of Economics and Political Science, 2025; 10 (1): 34–51. [Consultado 1 febrero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-08-2020-0109
Rahayu AYS, Rahmayanti KP, Mahendra W, Afra SA. Performance Evaluation of Public Service Mall (Mall Pelayanan Publik) in Indonesia using the Balanced Scorecard. Policy & Governance Review, 2022; 6 (2): 123-140. [Consultado 12 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v6i2.570.
Muhsyaf SA, Suryantara AB, Isnawati I, Riandi H. An Integrated Framework for Measuring Public Sector Performance at the Village Level: Insights from the Balanced Scorecard and AHP. Global Review of Tourism and Social Sciences; 2025: 78-88. [Consultado 11 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://journal.gpp.or.id/index.php/grtss/index
Świerk J. Measuring the Performance of Local Government Using the Balanced Scorecard on the Example of Inowrocław CommunityAnnales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, 2015; 59 (5). [Consultado 11 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.17951/h.2015.49.4.589
Zawawi, NHM, Hoque Z. Network control and balanced scorecard as inscriptions in purchaser–provider arrangements: insights from a hybrid government agency". Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 2022;35 (3): 981–1005. [Consultado 11 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-11-2019-4242
Afshar MZ, Shah MH. Performance Evaluation Using Balanced Scorecard Framework: Insights from A Public Sector Case Study. International Journal of Human and Society (IJHS). 2’25; 5 (1), 40-47. [Consultado 15 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://www.academia.edu/127728421/Performance_Evaluation_Using_Balanced_Scorecard_Framework_Insights_from_A_Public_Sector_Case_Study
Šašić Đ, Tahirović E, Tanović M. Performance Measurement in Local Government Units in the function of Public Service Improvement. Godina. 2022; 12 (1), 57-69. [Consultado 11 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.7251/EMC2201057S
Díaz-Canel M, Delgado M. Mapa estratégico del Cuadro de Mando Integral del modelo de gestión del gobierno orientado a la innovación para la COVID-19. Revista Cubana de Administración Pública y Empresarial, 2021; 5 (2): e164. [Consultado 12 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5453120
Gurd B, Gao T Lives in the balance: an analysis of the balanced scorecard (BSC) in healthcare organizations. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 2007; 57(1): 6–21. [Consultado 7 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/17410400810841209
Quiambao JL, Alvaro KNG. (2023). Impact of Quality Management System Practices on the Business Performance of a Government Corporation in Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied. Business and Education Research. 2023; 4(3):995 – 1006. [Consultado 11 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.03.29
de Vasconcelos CR, de Carvalho RSMC, de Melo FJC, de Medeiros DD. Improving Quality in Public Health Service: An Integrated Approach to the Kano Model and the Balanced Scorecard. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 2023; 35(2): 215–241. [Consultado 11 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/10495142.2022.2066598
Huang L, Wang B, Hu W, Zhou A, Chen X. The balanced scorecard as a strategic management tool in urban medical groups in China: an experimental study. Int J Health Care Qual Assur, 2025; 26:1-13. [Consultado 7 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHCQA-07-2025-0085
Yawson RM. The Ecological System of Innovation: A New Architectural Framework for a Functional Evidence-Based Platform for Science and Innovation Policy. The Future of Innovation: Proceedings of the XX ISPIM 2009 Conference, Vienna, Austria, June 21-24; 2009. [Consultado 11 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.7367138.v1
Kumar A, Brar V, Chaudhari C, Raibagkar SS. Performance Management Through the Balanced Scorecard Approach by the South African Revenue Service. Public Organiz Rev. 2023;1143–1165 [Consultado 11 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-022-00646-5
Permatasari RA, Ngaliman N, Yant S. (2025). Measuring the Performance of Batam City Government Using Tthe Balanced Scorecard (Bsc) Model. Journal of Governance, Taxation and Auditing. 2025; 4 (1): 110-113. [Consultado 11 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.38142/jogta.v4i1.1571
Kaplan RS, Norton DM. Poniendo el Balanced Scorecard en acción. Harvard Business Review. Diciembre, 2011;53-65. [Consultado 15 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://sambodhipr.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/HBR-Poniendo-el-balanced-scorecard-en-accion.pdf
Ruhiyat RF, Pradesa HA, Novira A, Wijayanti R. Implementation of the Balanced Scorecard for Performance Evaluation at the West Java Provincial. Journal of Management and Banking (JUMPA). 2025; 12 (1): 14-27. [Consultado 7 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.55963/jumpa.v12i1.729
Sargiotis D. Measuring the Impact of Data Governance: Metrics and Key Performance Indicators. In: Data Governance. Springer, Cham; 2024. [Consultado 7 enero 2026] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67268-2_14
Kaplan RS, Norton DM. Usar el Balanced Scorecard como un sistema de gestión estratégica. Harvard Business Review; Julio 2007, 1-11. [Consultado 19 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: http://www.eguillen.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Usar-el-BSC-como-sistema-de-gestion-estrategica-copia.pdf
Sibarani BE. What Do We Know About Balanced Scorecard and Its Benefit? A Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi dan Bisnis, 2023; 10 (1): 133-148. [Consultado 19 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jdab.v10i1.29351
Ministerio de Economía y Planificación. Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Económico y Social hasta el 2030 (PNDES2030). [Consultado 11 noviembre 2025] Disponible en: https://www.mep.gob.cu/es/pndesods-2030/plan-nacional-de-desarrollo-economico-y-social-2030
Partido Comunista de Cuba. Conceptualización del modelo económico y social cubano de desarrollo socialista. Lineamientos de la política económica y social del Partido y la Revolución para el período 2021-2026; 2021. [Consultado 11 noviembre 2025] Disponible en: https://www.tsp.gob.cu/sites/default/files/documentos/Conceptualizaci%C3%B3n%20y%20Lineamientos%20actualizados.pdf
Gobierno República de Cuba. Programa Económico y Social del Gobierno 2026; 2026. [Consultado 2 abril 2026] Disponible en: https://www.soberania.gob.cu/noticias-es/programa-economico-y-social-del-gobierno-2026
Consejo de Estado. Decreto-Ley 78 "Sobre la seguridad y protección de la información clasificada y limitada". Gaceta Oficial No. 88 Ordinaria de 2024, GOC-2024-525-O88; 2024. [Consultado 8 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.cu/sites/default/files/goc-2024-o88.pdf
Delgado М, Díaz-Canel M, Aldama O. Сбалансированная система показателей инновационно ориентированного государственного управления на Кубе. Проблемы Управления. 2025; 98 (4) Октябрь – Декабрь. [Consultado 21 diciembre 2025] Disponible en: https://www.pac.by/upload/documents/izdania-problem/%D0%9F%D0%A3_%E2%84%964(98)_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 admin admin

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
-
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
-
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
